Publications

Pakistan's economy is confronted with a severe economic crisis, which is characterized by high levels of inflation, low economic activity, low foreign reserves, a depreciating currency, and enormous public finance imbalances. The prevailing political uncertainty is further contributing to the problem. The Federal Budget 2023-24 was presented against this challenging macroeconomic backdrop and a co ..

The main objective of this research is to study the consumption patterns of cigarette smokers. The survey provides information on the price and non-price drivers of cigarette consumption behaviour and explores the impact of price changes on consumption. The study is based on a survey of households where more than 7,500 current and past smokers were interviewed. ..

The main objective of this research is to study the consumption patterns of cigarette smokers. The survey provides information on the price and non-price drivers of cigarette consumption behaviour and explores the impact of price changes on consumption. The study is based on a survey of households where more than 7,500 current and past smokers were interviewed. ..

Tobacco taxation is a widely-used policy tool to reduce tobacco consumption globally. In Pakistan, however, policy makers have fallen short of tapping the full potential of cigarette taxation, and inefficiencies in the tax collection system persist. The national tax collection agency, the Federal Board of Revenue (FBR), relies on manufacturers' self-declaration of production to determine their tax ..

Industrial and commercial clusters in and around cities provide for the environment, necessary for rapid economic growth and high generation of revenues for running the business of the State. The density of the population, the knowledge spillover, the competitive environment and the economies of scale induce innovation, specialization and enhance productivity in the urban population. Pakistan� ..

The 18th Constitutional Amendment 2010 introduced significant changes with regard to the devolution of powers to sub-national governments, having a direct bearing on the education sector. In this context, an attempt is made in this research to analyze the performance of provincial governments in terms of five core indicators of educational achievement before and after the Amendment. The household ..

Pakistan is a high-tobacco-burden country where more than 29 million adults use tobacco in some form, and tobacco expenditures constitute a sizeable portion of household budgets. Tobacco expenditure occurs at the cost of spending on necessities such as basic food, health, education, and housing. Therefore, policy interventions aimed at reducing tobacco use can have a significant impact on househol ..

SPDC envisioned a consultative process for discussion and knowledge production on violent extremism particular to Sindh province. Recognizing the dearth of context-specific, localized research, it aimed for a series of dialogues as a first step; a rapid appraisal of the on-ground situation to flag which knowledge gaps exist and what the basic variations and similarities were with other VE contexts ..

This study is the first attempt to estimate the impact of tobacco use on consumption patterns of households in Pakistan and complements existing work on the crowding out effect of tobacco expenditures in developing economies. It also explores how reductions in tobacco expenditure affect intra-household resource allocation. The study is based on quantitative methods by using data from the Pakistan ..

Tobacco consumption is one of the leading causes of preventable death particularly in developing world. Pakistan is not an exception, where the prevalence of tobacco use has emerged as a serious public health challenge. Globally, tobacco taxation is considered one of the crucial elements of tobacco control strategy with its dual objective of public health promotion and revenue generation. On the o ..

Macroeconomic Impacts of Tobacco Use in Pakistan ..

A Study of Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers in India and Pakistan ..

Poverty and income inequality is estimated from household surveys which provide detailed information on household income and consumption along with socio-economic characteristics. However, these surveys are conducted sporadically with irregular intervals. Thus the resultant estimates are not in the form of a continuous time-series, which is a prerequisite for a rigorous analysis of the relationshi ..

Trade and Compliance of Labour Standards in Global Supply Chain ..

Poverty and income inequality is estimated from household surveys which provide detailed information on household income and consumption along with socio-economic characteristics. However, these surveys are conducted sporadically with irregular intervals. Thus the resultant estimates are not in the form of a continuous time-series, which is a prerequisite for a rigorous analysis of the relationshi ..

The 2017 Census of Pakistan: Analyses of Results - Volume 1 ..

Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment with regard to Social Protection ..

This research investigates whether women's empowerment, defined alternatively protects women against spousal physical violence. Nationally representative data of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2012-13 is used to quantify the nature and direction of relationship between dimensions of women’s empowerment and the incidence of spousal violence in the context of Pakistan. The empowerment aspe ..

The main objective of this research is to provide poverty and vulnerability statistics estimated from the latest available Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) data. Poverty estimates show that close to 38 percent population of Pakistan was living below the poverty line during the year 2015-16. The incidence, depth and severity of rural poverty are relatively higher as compared to urban are ..

Implications of Implementing SDGs at the National Level: A Case of Pakistan ..

Political Economy of Social Development in Pakistan ..

Urban citizens’ perception survey on public service delivery was conducted by the Social Policy and Development Centre (SPDC) in 2015. The purpose of the survey was to get opinion of public service users regarding access, quality and reliability of service provision; problems encountered and responsiveness of service providers in addressing these problems. About 4000 households across Pakistan p ..

Gender and Social Vulnerability to Climate Change: A Study of Disaster Prone Areas in Sindh ..

State of the Economy: An Evaluation of the Federal Budget 2015- 16 ..

This research assesses the distributional characteristics of growth in Pakistan by applying statistical techniques suggested in the empirical literature on poverty and income inequality. An attempt is also made to determine the relative contribution of economic growth and distribution of income to changes in poverty. Various episodes of growth are considered during the period 1988-2011. The findin ..

This paper analyses the determinants of child activity with regard to schooling, working or neither schooling nor working in the age cohort 5-14 years. Primary data of the Punjab Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) conducted in 2010-11 has been used for this study. The objective of the study is to assess the relative influence of poverty, gender equity in educational attainment, parental educ ..

The health and educational status of children with respect to undernourishment (underweight, stunting and wasting), mortality (IMR and CMR) and out-of-school children in age cohort 5-14 years are quantified across gender and across household multidimensional poverty status. Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) datasets of Punjab and Balochistan provinces are used for this analysis. Significant ..

Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers and Gender-Sensitive Education Financing ..

The study documents the extent and spread of poverty in rural Pakistan using two different approaches to define and measure population living in distress and deprivation. In addition, social exclusion is assessed by developing the geographical Indices of Multiple Derivations. Income inequality and poverty affect each other directly and indirectly through their link with economic growth. Therefo ..

The study highlights the major characteristics of schooling in rural Pakistan by providing a situation analysis in terms of access, equality and quality of education. A cohort-wise analysis for primary (5-9 age cohort) and secondary (10-14 age cohort) levels is carried out to look at the prevailing situation across provinces in terms of enrolment status, trends in participation and gender disparit ..

Gender Dimensions in Rural Non-farm Employment in Pakistan ..

State of the Economy: An Ambitious Budget 2013-14 ..

This research note provides sub-national estimates of monetary poverty with the help of information available in two household surveys conducted during 2010-11. Data of Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM) and Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) are combined to produce aggregate poverty measures using small area estimation technique. The technique uses the welfare ..

Gender Dimensions of Development Induced Displacement and Resettlement: A Case of Lyari Expressway in Karachi ..

The Socio-Economic Cost of Violence Against Women: A Case Study of Karachi ..

This research paper provides poverty statistics estimated from the latest available household survey data. The estimates show that an overall 38 percent of the population was poor according to the methodology adopted for this study during the year 2010-11. The incidence, depth and severity of rural poverty are relatively higher as compared to urban areas. The estimates also indicate an increase of ..

The approach to measure poverty in terms of financial deprivation has been widely criticised in the literature of welfare and well-being. It is argued that to understand the complex phenomenon of poverty or to evaluate household or individual well-being, a multidimensional exercise is imperative. This research quantifies the level of multidimensional poverty in Pakistan using latest available hous ..

This study analyses disparities among provinces and districts for the years 2011, 2009 and 2005 with respect to household socio-economic deprivations and could be used as a reliable base for provincial and district development policies. Analysis presented in this study is based on 17 variables, arranged into five groups of composite indicators, reflecting deprivation in education, health, housing ..

Has civil society failed in Pakistan? ..

Gender Dimensions of Social Safety Nets: The Case of Zakat Recipients in Pakistan ..

Trade Liberalisation and Gender Dynamics of Employment in Pakistan ..

Public Spending on Education and Health in Pakistan: A Dynamic Investigation through Gender Lens ..

The consensus developed in various studies on social protection is that there is no clearly articulated government social protection framework. Various social security schemes and cash assistance programs are developed largely as a series of adhoc responses to problems raised by particular circumstances or recommended by international donor agencies. The Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) als ..

The paper assesses the extent of household vulnerability to poverty in Pakistan. Preferably, household panel data of sufficient length is used to measure the incidence of vulnerability. However this data is rare in developing countries and if available is not nationally or regionally representative. As a second-best option, this study estimates the extent of vulnerability as “expected poverty” ..

This study is the first attempt to quantify the extent of multidimensional poverty in the context of Pakistan. It involves developing multidimensional poverty indices (headcount, poverty gap, and poverty severity) and comparing them with the traditional income approach. It has been estimated, using household data for 2004-05, that about 54 percent of the population is poor in terms of socio-econom ..

This research focuses on changes in the poverty status of rural households to explore the main determinants of upward and downward income and poverty mobility. The study uses panel survey data for District Badin, which is among the poorest districts of the Sindh province. Households interviewed earlier by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) during 1986-91, were surveyed again ..

Much of the impetus behind the large and increasing support from national governments, Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and donor agencies for microfinance, hinges on the assumption that its economic and social impacts are significant. However, this needs to be examined more closely. This study evaluates the impact of microfinance programs on income, expenditure, child education and women emp ..

State of the Economy: Fiscal Policy Choices in Budget 2008-09 ..

This paper uses Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey (PSLM) 2004-2005 to examine labour market earnings. The earning function controls for educational qualifications in addition to years of schooling and other conventional correlates. The estimated returns to additional years of schooling are slightly lower than previous estimates for Pakistan. The findings of the study are consi ..

A research team of Social Policy and Development Centre (SPDC) visited selected districts of Pakistan to gather views of officials and representatives of district governments on the present system of local governance. A semi-structured questionnaire was used in the interviews and their opinions were obtained regarding satisfaction with the system, nature of coordination and working relationship am ..

Booklet, economics, tariffs and import, quotas ..

The purpose of this research is to highlight changes in human development status of districts of Pakistan during the period between 1998 and 2005. The standard summary measure, Human Development Index (HDI) proposed by UNDP, is applied at the district level. District HDIs, estimated for both periods will provide an indication of existing trends in regional disparities in terms of economic developm ..

The objective of this research is to update district-wise Indices of Multiple Deprivations 1998, using the latest available data of the Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey 2005 (PSLM, 2005). The period from 1998 to 2005, offers an opportunity to evaluate performance of the present government in terms of policies adopted for poverty reduction and in bringing down regional, socia ..

This research appraises inter-temporal educational status for the period 1998- 2005. Access and inequality is measured through the District Education Index (DEI). DEI is a composite index and includes enrollments at various levels as well as literacy rates. Two data sources are used for this exercise: the Population Census 1998 and Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey (PSLM 2005) ..

The objective of this research is to provide estimates of income poverty at the district level with the help of information available in household surveys; PSLM and HIES 2004-05. Both surveys are combined to produce poverty measures at district level using small area estimation technique. The technique uses the welfare (consumption or income) function to estimate and predict poverty with the help ..

Social Policy and Development Centre (SPDC) keeps track records of intertemporal changes in poverty incidence by using the consistent methodology for defining and computing national and regional poverty lines and poverty incidences. This research paper provides latest estimates of poverty for the year 2004-05, by using unit record survey data and by adopting consistent methodology ..

The main focus of this study undertaken by the authorsis to explore the impact of trade liberalization on gender inequalities in Pakistan. The overall gender inequality based on three dimensions, including labour market, education and health facilities, are analyzed in this paper using data from 1973 to 2005. Exports and imports to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ratio, per capita GDP, and number of ..

The expansionary economic policies of the government and of the central bank (State Bank of Pakistan – SBP), which on one side resulted in impressive economic performance, stimulated a rise in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) on the other. This initiated a debate on the determinants of the recent inflation. Some blamed fiscal policy or monetary policy, while others blamed imported inflation, admin ..

This paper tries to highlight the effect of fiscal policy, monetary policy and other economic measures on TFP in Pakistan. Analyzing TFP in Pakistan by using recent data is important for two reasons. First, in the past few years, Pakistan has been experiencing very high growth in the region and it is important to know the latest growth accounting. Secondly, the Pakistan government has implemented ..

In recent years, the ‘black economy’ has held enormous appeal for policy makers. The presence of the black economy creates critical misrepresentation of macroeconomic variables in official estimates which lead to false determination and delusional impact of economic policies. Similarly, the black economy represents the unrecorded potential of the economy vis-à-vis resource generation and mobi ..

The Review represents the efforts of SPDC to objectively present the situation with respect to the state of the economy. It points out the improvements in economic performance and an increase in the economy's sustainable rate of growth over the past few years, which are in part a result of the improved macroeconomic policy environment. It also highlights, however, the growing macroeconomic imbalan ..

Provincial Accounts of Pakistan: Methodology and Estimates 1973-2000 ..

In this study, we use simulations from the Social Policy and Development Centre’s large-scale empirical model of Pakistan’s economy to quantify the economic losses resulting from the devastating earthquake that hit the country on October 8, 2005. We then use the model to trace the path that the economy can be expected to follow under the relief and reconstruction assumptions that seem most pla ..

The Review is an effort to objectively present the situation with respect to the state of the economy. It highlights the impressive growth performance and the Government's role in achieving that. But it also emphasizes that some signs of overheating and stress are now emerging in the economy that policy makers and other economic participants would be ill-advised to ignore. We hope that all stakeho ..

The purpose of the study was to assess the high cost of cancer and depletion of assets of the patients suffering from cancer. The investigations were conducted with the guidance from oncologists and other health professionals. The objectives of the study were: to estimate and highlight the cost of the cancer treatment, to describe how persons fighting with terminal disease and their carers are cop ..

This report is motivated to fill the gap in policy analysis by estimating the human capital index (HCI) at the provincial level from 1982-83 to 2001-02. The accumulated human capital is estimated using the Labourincome based methodology. The index is computed for the three sectors of the economy: Agriculture, Manufacturing and Services, by using data from respective Labour Force Surveys. The estim ..

The Working Papers provide a vehicle for the initial dissemination of the work of the project to a wide range of audience including policy makers, scholars, development practitioners, policy analysts, international donor organizations and country-wide or regional nonprofit organizations. Working Papers are intermediary products, and they are released in the interest of timely distribution of Proje ..

The main objective of this research exercise is to provide correlates of household consumption or poverty using the latest household survey. The estimated coefficients and their weights may be used to predict poverty incidence from light monitoring survey such as Core Welfare Indicator Questionnaire (CWIQ). The CWIQ survey instrument essentially collects simple welfare indicators from a large segm ..

The paper explores the linkages between poverty, growth and inequality in the context of Pakistan. Time series macro data are used for the period 1979 to 2002. Consistent poverty and inequality measures are interpolated to facilitate the estimation of poverty elasticity with respect to growth and inequality in a multi-variate regression framework. The paper also attempts to find out macroeconomic ..

The Review is an effort to objectively present the situation with respect to the state of the economy. It acknowledges the gains made over the year, but also identifies the areas where weaknesses are pronounced and where policy shifts are called for. And in line with SPDC’s perspective, the Review highlights the equity, employment-generation and poverty reduction aspects of macroeconomic and fis ..

Vertical Imbalance and NFC-2004 ..

This paper investigates the dynamics of poverty and inequality in Pakistan over the period 1988-1999. The year 1988 was the year of the first formal Structural Adjustment Lending (SAL) from the World Bank and the IMF. Thus, this analysis facilitates the debate regarding the impact of SAL on household welfare and poverty. This is done by analyzing changes in poverty and inequality from two comparab ..

The purpose of this research is to demonstrate how ‘landlordism’ (land concentration and landlessness) impede education attainments and consequently, increase poverty and income inequality. The study is based on the latest data of the Agricultural Census (2000) for Punjab1 province, which is the heartland of Pakistan’s agriculture. School Life Expectancy (SLE), which is a useful composite me ..

Zakat As A Social Safety Net: Exploring the Impact ..

Geographical targeting may be a viable way to allocate resources for poverty alleviation in developing countries. Efficiency can be increased and leakages to the non-poor reduced substantially by targeting needy areas. A national and regional database of substantial poverty maps or deprivation indices are not readily available in Pakistan. Further, existing activities of poverty alleviation are ca ..

This paper estimates the extent of undernutrition in urban Pakistan in terms of calorie consumption after controlling heterogeneity in household characteristics. It also evaluates the sensitivity of price and income shocks on incidence, depth and severity of undernutrition. Approximately 27 percent incidence of urban undernourishment or food poverty is computed from the Household Integrated Econom ..

The study provides estimates of the private return to education in Pakistan. A Mincerian earning function is estimated using the latest available household survey data of 2001-02. Inter-provincial, inter-sectoral and inter-regional variations in earning and educational attainment are explored. The paper also investigates the inter-temporal changes in returns using the household survey of 1990-91. ..

The purpose of this research is to observe the impact of the individual and aggregate-level education on the fertility rate. The empirical investigation has been extended to observe the determinants of fertility using aggregate district data. The estimated coefficients of the macro fertility model establish a case for higher education for women to achieve a noticeable reduction in the fertility ra ..

Microfinancing: Fighting Against Poverty ..

There is a growing concern, in developing and transition economies that spatial and regional inequality, of economic activity, incomes and social indicators, is on the increase. Regional inequality is a dimension of overall inequality, but it has added significance when spatial and regional divisions align with political and ethnic tensions to undermine social and political stability. Despite thes ..

As economic activity becomes increasingly knowledge based, disparities in educational opportunity play a more important role in determining the distribution of income and poverty. A greater equity in the distribution of educational opportunities enables the poor to capture a larger share of the benefits of economic growth, and in turn contributes to higher growth rates. In contrast, largescale exc ..

Pakistan's External Debt Burden: Causes Complexities and Remedies ..

Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector in Pakistan ..

This paper quantifies the trend in TFP in Pakistan over the 25 years period, 1972-73 and 1997- 98. This leads to the conclusion that a significant part of the decline in growth rate during the decade of the 90s is also due to a slowing down of the growth in TFP and not just because of a lower level of investment in the economy. The paper then attempts to answer the following questions: Is the phen ..

Cost of Living Index by City of Pakistan ..

Recasting Sindh Budget (Expenditures) From 'Head of Account' To 'Department' Basis ..

Impact of the Afghan War on the Economy: Options for Pakistan ..

Stabilization vs Growth: Federal Budget 2001-02 ..

Incidence of Income Poverty in Pakistan ..

Credit to the Poor: Consultations with Borrowers ..

This paper is an attempt to relate social development and economic growth in order to assess the success of various policy regimes. The paper also tests for a statistical relationship between the two so as to answer the question whether improvements in the social indicators can be explained by the level and changes in per capita income. The choice of component variables for forming the composite S ..

The Social Policy and Development Centre (SPDC) has a tradition of bringing out a Research Report every year containing analysis of the proposals for expenditure and taxation in the Federal Budget from the viewpoint of their impact on the economy and people of Pakistan. This year’s report contains 24 articles on various aspects of the Budget of 2000- 01, written by staff members of SPDC. We hope ..

This report presents general guidelines for preparing a case study of public-private partnership in the health sector. Based on the guidelines, a case study is undertaken in partnership between a private medical college and a public hospital in the city of Abbottabad in NWFP. This case study highlights how a successful partnership can be evolved in the presence of 'synergy' between partners, stron ..

The paper deals with the impact of macroeconomic developments on the incidence of poverty and offers an explanation as to why poverty fell sharply in the decade of 80s and has tended to increase significantly in the 90s. It develops a set of medium term (upto 2002- 03) macroeconomic projections which embody a ‘business as usual’ type of scenario and identifies the likely consequences on the le ..

Evaluation of Social Safety Nets in Pakistan ..

This paper is based on the work done by the Macroeconomic Framework Sub-Group of the Economic Advisory Board of which the author was the Convenor. Projections made by the Sub-Group have been revised in light of recent numbers and in response to comments received from members of EAB in the meeting on December 2, 1999. Inputs in particular, from the State Bank of Pakistan, Planning Commission and th ..

Elements of Good Economic Governance ..

Social Impact of Economic Crisis: Lessons for Pakistan ..

Impact of Economic Adjustment on Social Development in Pakistan ..

Modeling Poverty Trends in Pakistan: Some Additional Empirical Evidence ..

This report contains nine articles on various aspects of the Budgets of the four provincial governments in 999-2000, written by staff members of SPDC. We hope that government officials, private sector, members of NGOs and civil society at large will find this report useful in understanding the implications of the Budget. ..

The 1998 Population Census ..

The purpose of this paper is to quantity the extent of gender inequality in access to social and economic opportunity in Pakistan and to analyse its determinants. Analysis shows a high degree of gender inequality in Pakistan. This is largely a consequence of inequality in labour force participation rate followed by literacy rate and school participation rate. On the whole gender inequality has dec ..

Evaluation of the Federal Budget 1999 2000 ..

This report compiles a dozen essays relating to the state of the economy, budgetary trends, accuracy of budgetary proposals, evaluation of the taxation proposals, development priorities and the macro economic impact of the budget on growth, inflation, savings and investments, external sector, poverty and inter-governmental fiscal relations. Special effort has been made to highlight the impact of t ..

The research has identified the changes made by SKAA in its lease granting and development procedures. This has consisted primarily of decentralisation of the process of decision making, whereby the authority of granting leases which was originally centralised at the top in the Director General himself is now available with the officer in charge of the lease camp. In addition to this, the procedur ..

The report has used 37 indicators relating to the education, health, water supply income and wealth, agriculture, housing transportation and labour force sectors to rank districts of Pakistan in terms of the level of social and economic development. The paper demonstrates the importance of education indicators in determining the overall level of social development, especially in terms of female li ..

The objective of this report is to describe the process of fiscal decentralization in a number of Asian countries. It covers areas of expenditure and service responsibility allocations, tax assignments, transfers to and access to borrowings by subnational governments. Best practices observed in these countries are highlighted alongwith any practices to avoid. The paper draws lessons regarding the ..

Review of the Social Action Program ..

This report is a compilation of these articles. We hope that our analyses will represent an objective appraisal of the economy and the Budget of 1997-98 and will be of some use to readers. Social Policy and Development Centre, which focuses on policy analysis, in particular social sector policy, has analysed the budget. These analysis cover a wide spectrum of issues and impacts. Debt management, ..

This report analyses the factors contributing to the growth of public debt and debt servicing in Pakistan, with the special focus on the impact of the financial sector reforms pursued in recent years, which have tended to increase the cost of domestic borrowings. The study presents a policy package for containing the growth of public debt and reducing the burden of debt servicing in coming years. ..

Budget in Pakistan, constitutes a statement of government’s fiscal priorities and policy objectives for the forthcoming year. At times major policy changes are announced which include changes in tariff rates, taxes, incentives etc., that have subsequent impacts on various segments in the economy. Therefore, it generally generates a lot of debate, both within and outside the Assembly. Also, the b ..

Resource Mobilisation and Expenditure Planning for Social Sectors in Pakistan ..

The World Summit for Social Development: Its Implications for Social Sector Development in Pakistan ..

The objectives of this report are two fold: first, determine the extent of variation among districts in the level of social development and second to examine in the spatial context for Pakistan how strong the relationship is between levels of economic and social development and what explains regional differences in the level of social development. The former will help us in particular in identifyi ..

This report attempts to measure and explain these differentials between 1972 and 1993. It examines the relationship between rates of continuation class-wise for males and females and five factors: school availability, teacher availability, rate of urbanisation, per capita income and female literacy. School and teacher availability are found to be the strongest factors influencing continuation acro ..

SPDC has prepared this report in the context of the recently constituted National Finance Commission on federal revenue sharing transfers to the provincial governments. Provincial governments in Pakistan have the principal responsibility for delivery of social services like education, health, water supply and sanitation, etc. which are largely financed by fiscal transfers from the federal governme ..

Integrated Social Policy and Macro Economic Planning Model for Pakistan ..

Optimal Enrollment and Cost Effective Expenditures for Public School System ..

Data Base Development for Integrated Social Sector Revenue and Expenditure Model ..

Specification of Integrated Social Sector Revenue and Expenditure Planning Model ..

A Study on Improving the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Spending in the Social Sectors and Increasing Resource Mobilisation in the Provinces (5 volumes) ..

Fiscal Policy in Pakistan ..

Fiscal and monetary policies are in contradiction with each other which has negative implications for achieving the macroeconomic and fiscal targets presented by the government in the Federal Budget 2023-24. The budget portrays a weak resource mobilization strategy where net revenue receipts of the federal government are not enough to cover even the interest payments. This was stated by the expert ..

Social Policy and Development Centre (SPDC) is undertaking a series of informed and interactive dialogues, on various topics covering a range of the drivers of violent extremism (VE) in Pakistan. The aim of the project is to increase understanding of violent extremism related issues among government representatives and different stakeholders, besides increasing the capacity of civil society to org ..

Economic and Social Costs of Violence Against Women and Girls in Pakistan: Country Technical Report ..

The Changing Landscape of Gender at SPDC: An Assessment ..

Report of Interactive Discussion Session on Integrated Energy Policy Formulation with Emphasis on Social Dimensions ..

Booklet: ABC of the Economics of Tariffs and Import Quotas ..

Pakistan's economy is confronted with a severe economic crisis, which is characterized by high levels of inflation, low economic activity, low foreign reserves, a depreciating currency, and enormous public finance imbalances. The prevailing political uncertainty is further contributing to the problem. The Federal Budget 2023-24 was presented against this challenging macroeconomic backdrop and a co ..

During the current fiscal year, the government has demonstrated its commitment to curbing cigarette consumption in Pakistan by increasing rates of Federal Excise Duty (FED) on cigarettes. ..

The current fiscal year has been unusual for cigarette tax policy in Pakistan. The government took commendable measures of substantially increasing the rates of Federal Excise Duty (FED) on cigarettes, which was unprecedented in two aspects. First, the tax changes were made three times during the ongoing fiscal year. Second, the last rise was around 150 per cent, the largest one-time increase in e ..

This policy brief summarizes the results of a nationally representative survey of more than 7,500 current and past smokers. The research objective was to study smokers' consumption behaviour in response to tax-induced price changes. ..

Following the tax measures introduced in the Finance Act 2022 on June 30, 2022, the Government of Pakistan promulgated Tax Law (Amendment) Ordinance 2022 on August 23, 2022, to generate additional revenue from various sectors of the economy, including the tobacco sector. Under the Finance Act 2022, the average rate of Federal Excise Duty (FED) on cigarettes was increased by 12.5 percent, which was ..

Under the Finance Act 2022, passed on June 30, 2022, in the National Assembly of Pakistan, the government revised the Federal Excise Duty (FED) rates on domestically-produced cigarettes. Keeping the two-tier system intact, the FED rates increased by 13.5 percent and 12.1 percent for high-priced and low-priced brands, respectively. The weighted average increase in FED rate is estimated to be 12.5 p ..

Under the Finance Bill 2022, presented on June 10, 2022, in the National Assembly of Pakistan, the government proposed to revise the Federal Excise Duty (FED) rates on domestically-produced cigarettes. Keeping the two-tier system intact, the FED rates increased by 7.7 percent and 12.1 percent for high-priced and low-priced brands, respectively. This is a long-waited increase since the rates were l ..

In Pakistan, domestically produced cigarettes are subject to two major indirect taxes – the Federal Excise Duty (FED) and the General Sales Tax (GST). The FED accounts for almost 80% of the revenue from the sector. Both taxes are collected at the production stage. The cigarette manufacturing sector in Pakistan is an example of an imperfect market, with only three companies dominating domestic pr ..

Raising Tobacco Tax Rates to Promote Public Health and Increase Revenue: Policy Options for Budget 2022-23 ..

The prevalence of tobacco use continues to remain one of the critical development challenges in Pakistan as about 30 million adults—19.1 percent of the adult population—currently use tobacco in any form. Tobacco use is estimated to be associated with premature deaths of over 160,000 people in Pakistan in 2017.2 Cigarette taxation is an essential element of tobacco control policy in the country ..

Pakistan is a signatory to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), which requires the country to implement taxation and pricing policies on tobacco products to reduce their consumption. Effective tobacco taxation is considered the most effective means of reducing tobacco consumption and generating revenues for public health promotion. However, tobacco tax policies in Pakistan have ..

Increasing the price of tobacco products through higher taxation is widely acknowledged as the most effective way to reduce tobacco consumption. Although evidence shows that tobacco taxation does not have a significant impact on the illicit trade of cigarettes1, a common argument of the cigarette industry in Pakistan is that higher taxes drive illicit trade. The industry claims that smokers seek o ..

..

Tobacco taxation is widely acknowledged as a robust policy instrument to scale back tobacco consumption. Effective and optimal tobacco taxation can serve the dual objective of public health promotion and revenue generation. The effectiveness of this tool, however, depends heavily on the mechanisms of tax collection. Read more... ..

Tobacco Control in Pakistan: The Impact of Tax Reduction Policy ..

Empowering Local Government – The Road to Inclusive and Sustainable Development ..

Fiscal Implications of 7th NFC Award ..

Agenda for Devolved Tax Collection ..

A Reflection on the State of Economy and Federal Budget 2018-19 ..

A Reflection on the State of Economy and Federal Budget 2017-18 ..

Key Issues in the State of Economy ..

Social Impact of the Security Crisis ..

Women at Work ..

The Elimination of Textile Quotas and Pakistan-EU Trade, Policy Brief, April 2007 ..

Tobacco use continues to remain a major public health problem in Pakistan. The number of adults (age 15+) currently using tobacco in any form is estimated to be 31 million,1 accounting for nearly one-fifth of the adult (age 15+) population. Worldwide, tobacco use is a leading cause of preventable deaths by non-communicable diseases, including cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and cardiovascula ..

Global evidence has established that tobacco use is a leading cause of deaths due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular diseases.1 Pakistan is not an exception to this situation: it has a high burden of tobacco use with resulting high costs from tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. With a prevalence rate of 19.1 percent, about ..

Social Policy and Development Centre (SPDC) is undertaking a series of informed and interactive dialogues, on various topics covering a range of the drivers of violent extremism (VE) in Pakistan. The aim of the project is to increase understanding of violent extremism related issues among government representatives and different stakeholders, besides increasing the capacity of civil society to org ..

Social Policy and Development Centre (SPDC) is undertaking a series of informed and interactive dialogues, on various topics covering a range of the drivers of violent extremism (VE) in Pakistan. The aim of the project is to increase understanding of violent extremism related issues among government representatives and different stakeholders, besides increasing the capacity of civil society to org ..

Social Policy and Development Centre (SPDC) is undertaking a series of informed and interactive dialogues, on various topics covering a range of the drivers of violent extremism (VE) in Pakistan. The aim of the project is to increase understanding of violent extremism related issues among government representatives and different stakeholders, besides increasing the capacity of civil society to org ..

Pakistan has a chequered history in terms of taxation on cigarettes. The Federal Excise Duty (FED) is the major tax levied on cigarettes in the country and its structure is based on a price-tier system. In 2013, a two-tier structure of FED based on the range of retail prices was introduced. In 2017, FED structure was modified to a three-tier structure, with a new tier for the low-price brands, in ..

Role of Tobacco in Pakistan's Economy: An untold Reality ..

The Privatization Program ..

Agenda for the 8th NFC: Lessons from the 7th NFC Award, Post- 7th NFC Development and Emerging Issues ..

On the Estimation of An Absolute Poverty Line: An Empirical Appraisal ..

The report is an effort to objectively present the situation with respect to the state of the economy. It acknowledges the gains made over the year, but cautions against certain misleading and, consequently, overly optimistic judgements. It identifies the areas where weaknesses are pronounced and where policy shifts are called for in order for the process of economic revival to be generated and su ..

Revamping the SAP ..

Macroeconomic Framework for Debt Management ..

A National Poverty Reduction Strategy and the Role of Donors ..

Broad-Basing of GST: The Strategy for Transition ..

Unsustainability of the Balance of Payments ..

Statement to the Commonwealth Delegation ..

Financial Sustainability of NGOs: Proposal for 1998-99 Federal Budget ..

Provincial Resource Mobilisation ..

Political Economy of Tax Reforms: The Pakistan Experience ..

Ninth Five Year Plan (1998-2003): Issues Paper ..

Fiscal Effort by Provincial Governments in Pakistan ..

Provincial Budgets of 1995-96 ..

Implication of the TOR of the New NFC ..

Rationalisation of Stamp Duties on Financial Assets and Transactions ..

Sales Taxation of Services by Provincial Governments ..

User Charges in Education ..

Sindh Government Budget of 1993-94 ..

User Charges in Health ..

Rationalisation of Octroi Rates ..

Switchover to Ad Valorem Octroi Rates at Dry Ports ..

SPDC's latest report focuses on formulating a localised indicator framework for measuring progress on SDGs. Read Dr Pervez Tahir's OpEd on SPDC's Review of Social Development in Pakistan here: https://tribune.com.pk/story/2323727/some-numbers-to-ponder ..

Raising tax revenues during the third wave of Covid-19 is a daunting task for the policymakers in Pakistan. There are hardly any policy options available for the federal government to raise tax revenues during these challenging times. In this scenario, Social Policy and Development Centre’s (SPDC) recently published a policy brief on “Modelling the Revenue and Health Implications of Tobacco Ta ..

A macroeconomic case for higher tobacco taxes in Pakistan ..

NFC: political economy at work ..

Gender budgeting — a pathway to sustainable development ..

Show-off Time ..

Mortal duty ..

Provincial Finance Commission Awards: A tool for inclusive development ..

Slip, sliding away ..

Mosamyati Tabdeeli se dochar Zila Dadu ..

Missing targets ..

External Debt and Foreign Exchange Reserves ..

Cooking the books (Part 1 and Part II) ..

Decapitalising the decline in international oil prices ..

Understating tax expenditure ..

The tale of tax-to-GDP growth ..

Budget 2015-16 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Social development, gender equality put on the backburner ..

Where does the axe fall? Sindh loses focus in budget ..

Tharparker: Eik Zarkhez Sehrah, Kahhet se Mosamiyati Tabdeeli tak ..

Beyond the Crisis ..

Badin men Samandari Mudakhalat aur LBOD ki Tabahkari ..

Manchar Dhand: Kheer ji neher ya zeher jo dukh ..

Mutafariq: Thatta ke Saheeli Dehaat aur Samandari Mudakhalat ..

Ter aie dhagi wara tarakiyati aie moashi mansooba ..

Hell beyond hell ..

Sindh budget 2014-15: A compromise on development ..

Economic Development and Income Redistribution ..

Betting on Social Development ..

Womens struggle in Pakistan Movement ..

Dadu Zila main Taleem ji Tabahi ain upa ..

Mahroomiat ..

Provinces have strong revenue potential ..

Future of GST services as provincial tax uncertain ..

Agri income tax evasion: a huge disincentive for taxpayers ..

Social spending: Punjab spends the least? ..

Ominous trends ..

IMF Intrusions ..

The Annual Plan ..

Hike in domestic power tariffs ..

The SRO blues ..

Building Bridges with India-Pakistan Peace ..

Contingency Planning ..

Stagflation feared ..

A Resilient Nation ..

The hike in power tariffs ..

Poaching on the Provinces. ..

An ambitious budget(part-1 and part-2) ..

Pakistan’s Emphasis on Social Development ..

Pakistani Political candidates threatened by Taliban terror attacks ..

Are Pakistani Women Represented? ..

Mushkilaat, Masael aur Bohrano ki tareek shab ki saher kab hogi? ..

Poverty Estimates 2011 ..

Sindh Budget: Myth and Reality ..

Balochistan Budget 2012-13: Compromising Social Development ..

Fiscal Devolution: Still an Unfinished Agenda ..

Concept or reality? ..

Taleem Ji behtri Lai Sanjeedgi kithy aahe? ..

Politicking in Education ..

Poverty of the Budget ..

Looking back in terror. ..

Sindh maen Thiyal Taleemi Tabahi Aeen Imdadi Idaran Joon Tarjihaat ..

Mooashi Istehkam ke Raaste Masdood.......Siyasi Azadi Mazboot Maeeshiyat Ke Bagair Namumkin Hai ..

The Poorest of the Poor in Pakistan: Households Headed by Women ..

The Decline in Sindh ..

The Power of Panchayats ..

Chamre ki Sanath - Eid ul Azha.....Mazhabi Tehwaar, Aham Moashee Sargarmiyun ka Maakhiz ..

Primary Sattah per Sanfi Adam Masawat ki Booland Sharah ..

Dolti Maeeshiyat per aik aur kaari Zarb ..

The Wretched of Sindh ..

Balochistan Ignores Social Development - ..

KP Budget: ILL-Defined Priorities ..

Is Sindh Budget Surplus A Mirage? ..

Punjab Compromising on Social Development - ..

Federal Budge FY12: Unpleasant Arithmetic - ..

Tijarti Woosat Pazeeri: Women Work Force per Asaraat Mehdood Kiyun? ..

Security Threat and its Costs ..

Gender preference in Zakat spending ..

Trade Liberalisation and Women Participation in Labour Force ..

Gender and Public Spending on Education. ..

Efficacy of Budget Transparency ..

The NFC Award: Punjab Biggest Gainer ..

A Method to this Madness ..

Debt Sustainability: Thwarting Economic Outlook ..

Depoliticising Madrassas  ..

Street Children, Aik Ahem Samaji Masala ..

Mazdoor Bachoun ki Falah-O-Bahbood Kaise? ..

Knowing the Unknown: Federal Budget 2009-10  ..

 Mehngai, Ghurbat, Berozgari, Loadshadding: Karachi Sheher ki Awan ke Bunyadi Masail aur unke Asarat ..

Foreign Exchange Crisis ..

Imperatives for the Economy: Federal Budget 2008-09  ..

New Budget to Fuel Inflation ..

Devolution without Delegation ..

 The Debate on Poverty ..

Does Globalisation Benefit the Poor? Evidence from Pakistan  ..

Large Subsidies with Little Relief ..

ABC of the Economics of Tariffs and Import Quotas ..

Understanding the Making of the Failed States Index  ..

May be a Missed Opportunity? ..

Indentifying Causes of High Inflation ..

The Good and the Bad ..

Inflationary Risks to Economic Gains - ..

Suffering in Silence ..

Crop Sector: Impending Crisis - ..

Moving from Tax to Expenditure Reform ..

Pakistan in Quota-free Textile Trade ..

The Poverty Debate ..

Time for Policy Shifts ..

Internet: demand and pricing ..

Peace and its Impact ..

Wanted: Political Will ..

Gearing up for Globalization ..

UNDP's HDI: How Realistic it is? ..

Prospect for Public-Private Partnership in the Delivery of Immunization ..

Sarkari Iqtesadi Jaeze aur Reports-Haqaeq kiya hain? Intehai Musbat Aadad-o-Shumar ke Bawajood Buniyadi Moashi Khamiyan door nahi ki ja Sakeen ..

Mulki Maeeshiyat, Karkardagi, Ihdaaf aur Nataij: 2003-04 ke Iqtesadi Survey aur Wafaqi Budget ki Roshni main Quomi Mansooba bandi ka Jaeza ..

Wither the Muslim World? ..

General Pervez Musharraf ki Hukoomat ke Teen Saal ..

Foji aur Jamhoori Hukoomatain, Aik Iqtesadi Balance Sheet ..

Contradictory Monetary and Fiscal Policies ..

An Economic Balance Sheet ..

Focus on Regional Inequality ..

Sarmaye ki Gher Munsifana Taqseem aur Adam Masawaat: Pakistan main Ghurbat ke Izafe ki Asal Wajoohaat hain ..

Focus on Regional Inequality ..

Sarmaye ki Gher Munsifana Taqseem aur Adam Masawaat: Pakistan main Ghurbat ke Izafe ki Asal Wajoohaat hain ..

Creating and Unequal Society ..

The Feasibility of Tax Revenue Targets ..

Illusive Fiscal Deficit Target ..

Micro Solutions: Book Review ..

Ghurbat main Kami Kaise hogi ..

Ghurbat main Kami Kaise hogi ..

What Muslim Societies are Grossly Lacking ..

Jadeed Daur main Panapne ka Tareeqa ..

Gher Riwaeeti Maeeshiyat-Ghurbat ke Khateme main Moaven ..

Contextualising Afghan War ..

America aur Kabul main Malbay ke Dher ..

America aur Kabul main Malbay ke Dher ..

Understanding the Taliban ..

Maeeshiyat main Gher Rawaeeti Shobay ka Kirdaar ..

Ghurbat ka Daira-e-Asar ..

Ghurbat ka Daira-e-Asar ..

America ke liye Mutabadil Raaste ..

Options before the US ..

Taraqqi ki Tarjeehat ..

Agricultural Performance, Public Policy ..

PSDP: Understanding Development Priorities ..

Kasaad Bazari aur Budget ..

Microeconomic Taraqi aur Ghurbat ..

Taxon ki Amadni, Takhmeene main Saqam ..

Zaree Karkerday aur Sarkari Policy ..

Dehi Elakon ki Ghurbat main Izafa ..

Sarmaya Karon main Aitemaad ka Fuqdaan ..

A Struggle to Achieve Economic, Social Rights ..

Budget main Khasara kam Nahi Hooa ..

Microeconomic aur Samaji Taraqi ..

Tax Revenues: Flaws in Estimation ..

Fiscal Deficit: Target Missed but Performance much Better ..

Rawan Mali Saal ki Budget Tajaveez Gher Haqiqi Hain ..

Lack of Investor Confidence ..

Pani ka Bohran Tareekh ke Tanazir Main ..

Macroeconomics and Social Development ..

Growing Rural Poverty and Budget 2001-02 ..

Budget 2001-02: Another Illusion? ..

Gandum aur Hamari Maeeshiyat ..

Jamhoori Usoolon per Amal ..

Khawateen ke Hukook ..

Pakistan ki Maeeshiyat ..

New Budget: Challenges and Options ..

 Pakistan maen Garib Parwar Budget Waro Adhoro Khuwab ..

Khawateen ke Hukook ki Pamali ..

Jamhooriyat ko Dosh na Dain ..

Khushk Sali main Budget ki Mansooba-bandi ..

Sarkari Saymaya Kari main Kami: Maeeshiyat per Tabha kun Asraat ..

Naya NFC aur Baaz Purane Masail ..

Taleem Aam Kerne ka Hadaf ..

Budget Planning at the Time of Drought ..

Subai Taraqiyati Programme - Aik Jaeza ..

Pakistan's Economy: An Analysis ..

Pakistan maen Garib Parwar Budget Waro Adhoro Khuwab ..

Devastating Effect of Reducing Public Investment on Economic Growth ..

Resolving the Water Crisis ..

Poverty Alleviation Programmes: great expectations ..

Gurbat Khan Garib Tar Dauh Veenar Dagg (Sindhi Article) ..

Putting Sindh's Grievances in Perspective ..

Making the Harm Visible - An Affront to Civilisation ..

Girl Child Toady - A Woman Tomorrow ..

Access is only the Beginning: Quality is the Key ..

Understanding Afghanistan under the Taliban ..

A Reiviews of World Economy ..

Hifazati teekay: Pasmanda Ilaqoon per Tawajjo kem kiyon> ..

Budget: Kiya Maliyati Wasail ke Intezam mein Tabdeeli Kare Ga ..

Moashi Bohran Tashweeshnak Hai: Mayus kun nahin ..

The New NFC and Some Old Issues ..

The Changing Scenario of Development Priorities ..

Junoobi Asia ki Maeeshatein ..

In Defence of Democracy: Not a Matter of Choice but a Question of Our Survival ..

Ikhtiaraat ki Adam Markaziyat ..

Pakistani Maeeshat Tabahi ke Dahane Per ..

Ghareeb Logon ka liye Meyari Hospitaloon ki tadaad bahut kem hai ..

A Loss Beyond Numbers ..

Kabul Khandraat aur Mazoor afrad ka shehr ban gaya ..

Anatomy of Economic Crisis ..

Role of Livestock in Rural Poverty Alleviation ..

Jeeniati Inqelab: Bhook aur Iflas ka Khatima ker dega ..

Perils of a 'chastened' parliament ..

Taveel-ul-Muddati Budget Saazi: Umeed Afza Mansooba ..

CBR ka Aainda Hadaf: Haqeeat se Bahut Door Nahin ..

Public Expenditure Reform ..

Contextualising Devolution ..

Khushal Bank: Ghurbat ka Khatima Kar Sakey Ga ..

Adaad-o-Shumar mein Ulat Pher Danista Nahin Ki Gayee ..

Lethargic Growth in Health Sector Infrastructure in 1990s ..

Reversing the Economic Decline ..

Maliyati Khasara: Pehle se Kahin Ziyada ..

Ifrat-e-Zar Mein Kami ke Nataij Kiya Hongey? ..

Kiya Moaashi Islaahat ki Tawaqoo Puri Ho-sakey-gi? ..

Afghanistan must makes us shudder ..

Ikhtiarat ki Taqseem: Siyasi Jamatein Kiya Kehti Hain - ..

Ikhtiarat ki Taqseem: Mahireen ki Rai Kiya Hai? ..

Ikhtiarat ki Taqseem: Mali Wasail - Aik Aham Mas'la - ..

Ikhtiarat ki Taqseem: Gher Mamooli Tezi ki Zaroorat Nahin ..

Ikhtiarat ki Taqseem: Chend Fikri Zaviye ..

Ikhtiarat ki Taqseem: Mansoobay ke Aham Nukaat ..

Public Works Programme - Aik Naya Wada ..

Tawazun-e-Adaigi ki Mojuda Soorat-e-Haal ..

Teen Sala Macroeconomic Mansooba: Mehaz Kagzi Karwai ..

A Better Approach for a Results-Oriented Fiscal Policy: Multi-year Budgeting Framework ..

Taraqqiati Tarjeehat mein Tabdeeli ..

Food Stamp Programme (Urdu) ..

Institutional Reform for Devolution - II ..

Political Perspectives on Devolution ..

Political Perspectives on Devolution ..

Costs of Devolution ..

Issues in Fiscal Decentralisation ..

Institutional Reform for Devolution ..

The Way Ahead on Devolution ..

The Way Ahead on Devolution ..

Civil Society Perspectives on Devolution ..

Issues in Fiscal Decentralisation - III ..

Issues in Fiscal Decentralisation - II ..

Issues in Fiscal Decentralisation - I ..

Ghurbat Mitao Programme: Mansoobay Muqarrara Muddat main Mukammal Kiye Jaien Gay ..

Are Genetically Modified Food a Solution for Poverty ..

Moaashi Taraqi - Khawateen ko Nazar Andaaz Na Kiya Jae ..

Moaashi Mansooba-bandi: Naey Ihdaaf ..

Moaashi Istehkaam: Khawab se Tabeer Tek ..

Awaam Mini-Budget ke liya Tayyar Rahian (Urdu) ..

Microcredit Bank: Hukumati Policy Kiya Hogi (Urdu) ..

Wifaqi Budget 2000-01: Zakat aur Ghurbat ka Khatema (Urdu) ..

Budget Khasara: Aadad-o-Shumar Kiya Kehtey Hain (Urdu) ..

PSDP Reflects No Departure From Past Development Priorities ..

Mo'aashee Bahalee Se Ziyada Mo'aashee Ishtehkam Kee Koshish (Urdu) ..

Wifaq ney Soobai Ruqoom ki Muntaqli main Izafa ker diya (Urdu) ..

Analysis of Budgetary Proposals ..

Balance of Payments Scenario in 2000-01: Transparency Admist Uncertainty - ..

Feasibility of Macroeconomic Targets for 2000-01 ..

An Incomplete Budget ..

Whither Macroeconomic Framework ..

Tax Revenue Targets Unrealistic ..

The Microcredit Bank and Poverty Reduction: Some Policy Issues ..

The Debt Trap ..

Budgetary Outcome in 1999-2000: Fiscal Deficit Exceeds Target ..

Macroeconomic Developments and Poverty ..

Ghareebon ke Liye Package - Saheeh Simt Main Pehla Qadam (Urdu) ..

Tawaqqo'aat aur Umeedon ka Budget (Urdu) ..

Maleeyati Khasara - Asal Soorat-e-Haal (urdu) ..

Revenue Dreams: (The Reforms Agenda of the Budget) ..

Fudging Figures ..

A Bank for the Poor As Well ..

From Pro-Women Slogans to Anti Women Acts ..

Dealing with Zakat and Ushr ..

Federal Transfer to Provinces: Some Growth at Last ..

What Explains Fall in the Inflation Rate ..

Budgetary Imperatives and Strategy ..

From Crisis to Crisis ..

Warding Off Devaluation ..

What is the True Fiscal Deficit in 1999-2000? ..

Poverty Alleviation through Food Stamps ..

Pro-Poor Programme: Is that a New Promise ..

Potentials of the Poverty Elimination Strategy ..

The International Experience of Micro- finance ..

The Buoyancy of CBR Revenues ..

Microfinance: A panacea for poverty? ..

Budgetary Allocations for Rural Development ..

True Meaning of Decentralisation: Empowerment of People or Concentration of Power in Local Elite ..

Prospects for a New IMF Programme ..

Consequences of Malnutrition and Poverty in Pakistan ..

Impact of Economic Factors on Diarrhoeal Disease ..

Major Economic Problems Faced by the Sub-Continent ..

Combating Poverty ..

Alarming Level of Poverty in Pakistan ..

Karachi Sheher Ki Kachi Abadian Or Unki Halat-e-Zaar ..

Crops Pattern in Pakistan: Some Consequences ..

Unsustainability of the Balance of Payments ..

The Missing Element of Public Expenditure Management ..

Food Pricing Strategy: A Fundamental Dilemma ..

Maeeshat Kamzoor say Kamzor Ter ..

Alternative Delivery Mechanisms for Social Services: Some Case Studies from Pakistan ..

Fallout of Sharif Release ..

Kahtre ki Ghanti Baj Rahi Hai ..

Galla-bani: Ghurbat ki Rok Thaam ka Moassan Zariya ..

Immunization: Is it a Gender or Poverty Issue? ..

Private Tuition Syndrome: Remedy or Revile ..

Fiscal Imbalances: A Mother Problem ..

Economic Growth - Whose Virtue ..

International Population Scenario: Pakistan Entering the New Millenium ..

The Importance of the Commonwealth to the Pakistan Economy ..

Dynamics of Inflation in 1999-2000 ..

Political Economy of Cotton Pricing ..

GST: A Retreat from the Battlefield Yet Again ..

Provincial Budgets and Rural Development ..

Is there a Need for Policy Reforms in Agriculture? ..

The Buoyancy in Provincial Revenues1 ..

Provincial Governments and the Budget Deficits ..

The Financial Outlook for Provincial Governments in 1999-2000 ..

Alarming Rise in External Indebtedness ..

Management of Finances by Provincial Governments ..

Budget Allocations Far Below NEP ..

What Explains the Shortfall in Federal Transfers to Provinces ..

The Resource Crunch and Social Sector Expenditures ..

The Future of the IMF Programme? ..

Is Girls Education Really the Best Investment? ..

Profile of Educated Unemployment ..

Demographic Transition ..

Multiplicity of Taxes ..

Sectoral Priorities in Development ..

Federal Budget 1999-2000: Implications for Provincial and Local Governments ..

Budget 1999-2000: A Brief Analysis of a Quasi Budget ..

Does the Budget Have a Human Face? ..

Budget 1999:2000: Towards Economic Revival ..

The Debt Trap ..

Federal Budget 1999-2000: Desirable Economic Agenda for the Coming Century ..

Economic Success and Technology: How Pakistan Can Reap the Benefits ..

Wheat Pricing Policy: A Risk to Food Security ..

Wheat Crises in Pakistan: A Case of Government Failure ..

Pakistan in the ‘Debt-Trap' Can We Still Find a Way Out of This Deadly Quagmire? ..

Debt Trap on Death Trap? ..

Impact of the Budget on Poverty-Limited Opportunity for the Poor ..

Federal Budget: Havoc or Halcyon ..

Provincial Budgets 1998-99 and Social Sector Allocations ..

Federal Transfers To Provinces ..

Development Priorities in the 1998-99 PSDP ..

‘Hard' Deficit Targets, But ‘Soft' Taxation ..

Budget 98-99, Devaluation and External Sector ..

Imponderables Of Budget Projections ..

A Year Of Resurrecting Supply Side Economics ..

Impact Of Budget On Investment And Savings ..

Strategy Of Resource Mobilisation: Does It Offer Anything New ..

The Budgetary Outcome Of 1997-98 ..

Budget 1998-99: Signaling Shifts In Growth Strategy ..

Budget 1998-99: Will It Stabilize Inflation ..

The Budget And The National Agenda- Diverging Paths ..

Budget - An Exercise In Realism Or Fantasy? ..

Post Nuclear Economic Policy Alternatives ..

Tiding over Economic Sanctions ..

An Overdose of Superficial & Symbolic Policies ..

Devaluation, Agricultural Output, and The PSDP ..

Dissemination of Knowledge: An International Comparison Human Development Is The End - Economic Growth Is Only the Means ..

Evolution of Social Services in Pakistan (1947-1997) ..

Health Sector: Still Not On The Right Track? ..

NFC Award 1997: Long-Term Scenario ..

Dilemma of Primary Stage in Sindh Education: Effective Schooling System Imperative ..

Current Expenditure Priorities of Provincial Governments ..

Budgetary Targets and Trade Performance ..

This report is a compilation of articles produced after the announcement of the provincial budgets. We hope that our analyses will represent an objective appraisal of the state of affairs and will be of some use to the readers. ..

Determinants of Inflation in Pakistan ..

Federal & Provincial Budgets 1997-98 Economic & Social Infrastructure: Implications ..

Implications of The Federal Budget 1997-98 ..

Inter-Sectoral Priorities of Provinces in Annual Development Programme ..

Impact of Provincial Budgets on Social Sector Development ..

Is SAP Expenditure Priority Still Valid? ..

Relative Fiscal Effort by The Provincial Governments ..

Budget 1997-98 Social Sector Allocations: What's New? ..

Budget: Implications For Infrastructure Development ..

Allocation of Budget To Priority Expenditures ..

Fiscal Status of The Provincial Governments ..

The Budget: A Dilemma for Policy Makers ..

Debt Management: Can This Stalemate Continue? ..

Budget: A Boon To Industry ..

The Budgetary Outcome: 1996-97 ..

Impact of The Budget on Poverty ..

Will it Stimulate Private Investment? ..

National Finance Commission 1996: Implications of The New Revenue Sharing Arrangements ..

Accessibility to Basic Services in Pakistan ..

SAP: Mythical Numbers of ..

Financial Saving: An Important Source For Financing Budget ..

How Safe Are The Safety Nets? ..

Is The New Wave of Reforms Sustainable? ..

Caretakers' Therapy For The Deficit Problem ..

..

Resource Mobilisation by Provincial Governments ..

Budget 1996-97: Provincial Expenditure Priorities ..

Impact of The Budget on Poverty and Inequality ..

Federal Budget: Implications for Provincial Governments ..

The Budgetary Outcome of ‘95-96 ..

The Numbers Game ..

An Overview of The State of The Economy ..

Salient Features of Budget, 1996-97 ..

The Reality of Fiscal Adjustment ..

Education Status: Where Does Pakistan Stand? - Revisited ..

The Debt Trap: An Ominous Indicator ..

Budget 1996-97: Government Should Avoid Over-Zealous GST, Excise Duties ..

Options for the 1996-97 Budget ..

Provincial Positions on Revenue Sharing ..

The Federal Perspective ..

Terms of Reference of The 1995 NFC: Implications for The Provinces ..